Why are Bubbles Round?

In the scientific community, bubbles are referred to as “minimal surface structures”. What does that mean? Geometrically speaking, the form with the least surface area for any given volume is always a round shape – the sphere. Surface tension and the composition of water molecules also come into play. A water molecule is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen (H20). Each water molecules has six bonds that they can share with their neighboring molecules. Those molecules at the surface don’t have any adjoining top molecules to share their bonds, so the extra bond is given to those molecules beside them. The result is an extra bond that creates a slightly tighter bond between the top, surface molecules. A custard-skin effect is the result, and is called surface tension. This effect happens everywhere water and air meet.

Blowing bubbles requires the addition of soap to the water. It serves to decrease the surface tension of the water to approximately one-third of the normal amount and makes for better bubble-blowing conditions. Blowing in the air, the bubble assumes the spherical shape. As air is trapped inside the sphere, it pushes outward against the water film. Surface tension creates inward force. Balance between the two forces allows the bubble to maintain its size. An increase in air pressure inside the bubble will cause it to expand its surface, with the water getting thinner. A continued increase will eventually cause the bubble to pop!

 

Chemical Information Services Upgrades Source2Source Internet Service

Chemical Information Services recently made some key enhancements to its Source2Source Internet Service. Source2Source utilizes an interactive database and allows producers listed in the Directory of World Chemical Producers (DWCP) to easily access their listings via the Internet at anytime to update or review. The free-of-charge feature is user-friendly and enables companies to make immediate updates and additions to their information.

Source2Source now allows for multiple contact entries, ensuring that key personnel information is available when DWCP users are making their purchasing decisions. Source2Source provides participating companies an environmentally friendly means to maintain vital information by minimizing the amount of waste created by unnecessary document production. In addition, those companies participating in the Enriched Company Listing Program (ECL) may utilize Source2Source to attach the high-value documents they wish to display along with their listing.

Evonik and Glenn Corporation Expand U.S. Distribution Deal

Evonik Goldschmidt and Glenn Corporation have expanded their partnership to cover five additional U.S. states. Under the agreement, Glenn Corp will be the exclusive distributor of Evonik’s organic and silicone-based specialty ingredients for the personal care industry. The end result is an expansion of the two firms’ partnership from 17 states to 22.
 

Converted Organics Increases Efficiency and Productivity While Reducing Costs

Thanks to the newly installed systems and equipment at the Converted Organics’ Woodbridge, New Jersey facility, the Company is realizing increased productivity and efficiency in its fertilizer manufacturing processes, while simultaneously reducing overall operating expenses.

The Company reported that it commissioned a new steam boiler to reduce odor and enable the raw material digesters to run at increased temperatures. In addition, a new instrumentation and control package was installed to automate the granular organic fertilizer production line. The end result was not only improved production efficiency but also better product quality and reduced manpower requirements. To increase the processing capacity rate and reduce the need for de-watering additives, a new centrifuge was installed, resulting in a considerable reduction of manufacturing operations costs.
 

Sipchem and Hanwha Join Forces in New Petrochemical Project

Saudi International Petrochemical Company (Sipchem) and South Korea’s Hanwha Chemical recently reported their joint investment of $90m (€64.8m) in a new petrochemical project. Under the agreement, Hanwha will receive a 40% share of the [ethylene vinyl acetate] (EVA) product sales, with the 60% remaining marked for Sipchem. Located in Al-Jubail, Saudi Arabia, the project includes a 200,000 tonne/year EVA plant and a 125,000 tonne/year plant for polyvinyl products. Ownership of the plants will be divided with 75% belonging to Sipchem and 25% going to Hanwha. The products produced will be used in a variety of applications including hot melt adhesives, hot glue sticks and many others.

Sherwin-Williams Appoints New Director

John M. Stropki has been elected to the Board of Directors of Sherwin-Williams. Mr. Stropki is Chairman, President and CEO of Lincoln Electric Holdings, Inc. He was also appointed to the Compensation and Management Development Committee of the Board. Mr. Stropki has been with Lincoln Electric for more than 35 years and held various management positions within the company. He was named President and CEO in June 2004 and was elected Chairman in October 2004.



 

W.R. Grace Appoints New VP and Chief Human Resources Officer

Pamela K. Wagoner has been appointed Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer at W.R. Grace & Company. The Company’s Board of Directors has elected her an Executive Officer of the Corporation. Ms. Wagoner has over 20 years of human resources and senior management experience. Her previous position was Senior Vice President of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.

Georgia Gulf Announces Appointments to Royal Group’s Senior Management Team

Georgia Gulf Corporation has hired three new senior managers for newly-created positions in its Royal Group, Inc. building products businesses. Simon Bates will fill the position of Vice President and General Manager. He comes to Royal Group from CG Consultants., and previously held the position of Regional Vice President at Hanson PLC. Mark W. Fanelli was appointed to the post of Vice President and General Manager of Royal Window and Door Profiles. He formerly served as Director of Sales in the Performance Glazing and IG Sealants at PPG Industries, Inc. Paul Czachor was named to the position of Vice-President and General Manager of Royal Pipe Systems. He will be responsible for all components of Company’s North American pipe and fittings business, including sales, marketing and manufacturing and support operations. He previously served as Vice President of Operations at Schneller, LLC.

Dishman Group Names Director of Its Generic API Business

Leading products and services provider, Dishman Group of Ahmedabad, India, has appointed Juan Venceslao to the newly created position of Director, Dishman Generic API Business. He will report to Jay Vyas, managing director of the global pharmaceutical services provider. Venceslao’s areas of responsibility will be the Company’s existing API portfolio as well as driving and managing Dishman’s growth in this area. He previously served as marketing and commercial manager Europe, Asia, Australia and Middle East for Uquifa S.A.

Additional U.S. Plants to Close at Dow Chemical

The board of industry giant Dow Chemical has approved a restructuring plan to close more U.S. plants. Those ethylene -derivative plants affected are located in the Louisiana towns of Hahnville and Plaquemine. These recent closures are in addition to numerous other similar shutdowns recently implemented as part of the Company’s restructuring program that was announced in the fourth quarter of 2008. The restructuring program was in line with the Dow’s goal of achieving $1.3 billion synergies on the acquisition of Rohm and Haas. Included in the plan was a charge for the elimination of 2,500 positions.

Celanese to Close French Subsidiary

Celanse Corporation has reached a final agreement with workers on how the chemical maker will shut down its Acetex Chimie subsidiary, located in Pardies, France. As a result of the closing, all 350 plant employees will lose their jobs. All operations at the site are expected to cease by December. The facility produces two chemicals, including acetic acid. The 350 employees losing their positions are at management, maintenance, operations and support levels.

Celanese evaluated the facility earlier in the year, focusing on factors such as competitiveness in their respective markets, customer demand, raw material costs, and labor costs. As a result of the findings, the Company determined that the site should be closed. Production of the same products will continue at existing facilities in Texas, China and Singapore.

 

OSI Pharmaceuticals to Consolidate Onto Single U.S. Site

OSI Pharmaceuticals recently reported plans to centralize its U.S. operations onto a single site. The consolidation will take place by the fourth quarter of 2010 and will involve about 350 of the Company’s U.S. employees. OSI agreed to purchase a 43-acre site for $27 million in Ardsley, New York, which is the location for the new facility. Operating synergies of about $15 million annually are expected as a result. In connection with the move, OSI will receive incentives from the state of New York.

Praxair Electronics Invests to Increase Production of Tubular Targets

As part of its commitment to serve the photovoltaic PVD market, Praxair Electronics, a division of Praxair, Inc., has made investments totaling $15 million during the past year in order to increase production capacity of tubular targets. The investments include a recent acquisition of Frankfurt, Germany-based Senvac Thin Film Technologies, a company specializing in the bonding of tubular targets, as well as automation of the bonding process in Frankfurt and implementation of an advanced ceramic development and pilot facility in Tonawanda, New York for the development of AZO tubes. The Company is using its expertise in the semiconductor market as a base for growth in the PV target markets and focusing on providing advanced PVD products.

 

DuPont Titanium Technologies Raises Prices for Its

Ti-Pure® Titanium Dioxide Products Abroad

DuPont Titanium Technologies (DTT) recently announced it will increase the price in the U.S. dollar markets of Africa, Eastern Europe, and Middle East regions for all its Ti-Pure® titanium dioxide (TiO2) grades. Prices in those regions will increase by $150 per tonne (USD). This increase is effective Aug. 1, 2009 or as permitted by contract and is in addition to an earlier increase in the same markets which was announced on May 15, 2009.

INEOS Reaches Agreement with Lenders

INEOS, the UK’s largest private company as well as one of the world’s largest petrochemical producers, has reached an agreement with its senior lenders on a package of amendments to the group’s financing arrangements. The deal includes a reset of the Company’s financial covenants. INEOS reported that proposals on €7.3bn ($10.3bn) of debt had been agreed by over 96% of its lenders. This required approval by two-thirds of the 230 strong banking consortium. The agreed upon package included a reset of the leverage, interest cover and debt service cover covenant levels, effective from September 2009, and an enhanced lender remuneration.

The Company’s five-year business plan was reviewed in great detail by banks and their advisors. The covenant reset will provide INEOS with the necessary flexibility and headroom to focus on its current strategy.


 

Lundbeck Gains Technologies with NeuronIcon Purchase

To gain the technologies for treating brain damage, Danish pharmaceuticals group H. Lundbeck A/S reported it will buy privately owned Danish biotechnology firm NeuronIcon. The purchase price was not disclosed.

Lundbeck’s main products are anti-depressants. The Company’s goal is growth in neurological treatments. It hopes to develop new pharmaceuticals for improved treatment of serious brain disorders and the resulting nerve cell destruction. NeuronIcon has produced new knowledge regarding how and why such nerve cells are lost. Founded by scientists at the University of Aarhus, NeuronIcon is based on research conducted both there and at the University of Berlin. Lundbeck has also entered into a deal with the University of Aarhus on further research over the next three years.
 

Cognis’ Tonalin® Offers Benefits for Post-Menopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

In a study recently published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Cognis’ Tonalin® CLA was reported as a safe and effective way to reduce body fat mass and preserve lean muscle mass in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Although the effect of CLA on fat reduction has been previously observed in several studies of both men and women with varying degrees of body mass, this particular study is the first of its kind, demonstrating the body fat-lowering effects of Tonalin® CLA in obese postmenopausal women. This is significant, as postmenopausal women are at increased risk of both weight gain and body fat gain. The elevated risk increases the risk of several chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome. The new research for the first time showed that taking daily Tonalin supplements totaling 6.4 grams of CLS significantly lowered body weight, body mass index (BMI), and total adipose mass without affecting lean muscle mass in those postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes who were not participating in a weight –loss and activity plan. This compelling scientific evidence suggests that CLA could help diabetics manage their body weight over the long term and that it could be safe and effective in helping reduce body fat.

For 16 weeks, researchers gave the participants with type 2 diabetes safflower oil or Tonalin CLA in this randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study. CLA supplementation reduced body weight, BMI and total adipose mass without altering lean mass. Inflammation markers and insulin resistance were not affected. For the study, Cognis provided an unrestricted grant (with no influence on the design or interpretation of the research) and Tonalin® CLA supplements. Tonalin® CLA is available in several product forms – oil, water-dispersible powder and emulsions – which offer food manufactures a broad range of options and easy processing for their new products.
 

T-Global Introduces New Copolymers

T-Global Specialty Chemicals (TGS) is introducing Styrene Maleic Anhydride Copolymers. Designed specifically for injection molding applications, the products will contain from 8 to 14 percent maleic anhydride and be available in both crystal and rubber modified forms. The chemical and physical composition of the resins will be similar to other currently commercially available styrene maleic anhydride. The Company will be in the position to offer products to the market by September.
This win represents the second time in two years that Clariant has won the pretigious EPA honor, which is given to products that offer innovative chemistry and significant pollution prevention potential. Clariant’s Paper business received the award last year for its Cartaspers PSM product.

Gilead Sciences and Tibotec Pharmaceuticals Partner to Develop HIV Pill from Two Drugs

Gilead Sciences, Inc. has entered into a collaboration and licensing agreement with Tibotec Pharmaceuticals. Together, they will develop and commercialize a new, once-daily, fixed-dose antiretroviral regimen for HIV-infected individuals. It will contain Gilead’s Truvada® and Tibotec’s investigational non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) TMC278. Fixed-dose combinations contain multiple medicines formulated into one tablet and help to simplify HIV therapy.

Under the agreement, Gilead will lead in the manufacturing, registration, distribution and commercialization of the fixed-dose combination of Truvada® and rilpivirine worldwide, excluding the developing world and Japan. Tibotec will be responsible for the commercialization of rilpivirine as a stand-alone product and will hold rights to co-promote the fixed-dose combination in these territories. Both companies will also work towards making a fixed-dose combination of the two drugs available in the developing world. The agreement is subject to regulatory approval. If approved, the new product will be the second complete antiretroviral treatment regimen available for HIV available in a single tablet taken once daily.

Johnson & Johnson Completes Acquisition of Cougar Biotechnology

Johnson & Johnson has successfully completed its acquisition of Cougar Biotechnology for $893.7 million. The developmental stage biopharmaceutical company specifically focuses on oncology. Functioning as wholly owned unit of J&J, Cougar will collaborate with J&J’s Ortho Biotech Oncology Research and Development division.

Cougar is currently working on a late-stage, first-in-class treatment for prostate cancer. It is conducting two Phase III trials for abiraterone acetate. The first Phase III trial is testing abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer who have progressed after docetaxel-based chemotherapy has failed. The second Phase III trial is studying abiraterone acetate in patients with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer who have yet to receive chemotherapy.

 

India’s Biotech Sector Planning a Separate Regulator

India’s department of biotechnology (DBT) is in the process of setting up the National Biotechnology Regulatory Board to specify and regulate the development of drugs and vaccines from natural sources. Its purpose is to distinguish between biologics and chemical-based pharmaceutical products. Currently, both pharmaceutical products and biologics are regulated by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI). The DCGI gives pre-clinical approvals for experimenting and developing both drug types.

Indian pharmaceutical companies are focusing on the $65-billion global biotech drug market. The new board will serve as a regulatory mechanism for the emerging biotechnology sector. New guidelines will be applied up to the pre-clinical stage of development. Guidelines will be issued on such aspects as toxicology, feasibility and safety during the pre-clinical stage, before applications are passed on to the DCGI.

Agraquest Looking for Partner in Its Quest for Green Pesticides

U.S. based AgraQuest is searching for a partner in the biopesticides market. The Company is seeking more opportunities by entering into the high-yield, low-chemical agricultural inputs arena.

In low chem. pesticide solutions, bio-pesticides are utilized either as a standalone product or in combination with synthetics, providing a reduction in the rate of the synthetic to its lowest label rate without a decrease in yield or efficacy. These types of pesticides have a cleaner footprint, meeting with growing regulatory and consumer pressures. In comparison with traditional synthetic products, they also have high effective rates.

Given the food production requirements necessary to feed the significant population boom, AgraQuest projects that the low chem. pesticide sector is going to be the next growth sector in ag inputs. By joining forces with agchemical firms, the Company expects to sell more than $200 million worth of biopesticides by 2013. It recently announced its partnership with BASF, who will license, supply and distribute AgraQuest's Serenade bio-fungicide product in Europe, Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Latin America. In addition, AgraQuest hopes to announce a new distribution deal for its bio-fungicide Sonata later this year. It will also seek a distribution agreement for its bio-insecticide Requiem, which was launched earlier this year in the United States. Registrations for the product are already underway in Europe, Latin America and Asia. Another of the Company’s bio-insecticides, Muscodor, has the potential to replace methyl bromide as a biofumigant.


 

Dow Agrosciences Acquiring Assets of Pfister Hybrids

Dow Agrosciences LLC reported it is acquiring the majority of assets of Illinois-based seed corn company Pfister Hybrids. While a sale price was not disclosed, under the terms of the agreement, Dow AgroSciences, a subsidiary of Dow Chemical Co;, will acquire the Pfister brand and the sales and marketing areas, the warehousing and administrative services. The Pfister brand will continue, and the Company still will be headquartered in El Paso, IL. The acquisition will further increase Dow AgroSciences’ current seeds business in the U.S. as it anticipates introducing insect protection and weed control, and herbicide tolerance, technology within the next few years.

Pequiven Nears Completion of New Fertilizer Project
 

Venezuela’s Pequiven recently reported that it is new urea and ammonia plant is nearly 70% complete. The new facility is located at the Moron petrochemical complex. Working with Toyo Engineering, Pequiven constructed two granular urea towers with a capacity of 2,200 tonnes/day. The new ammonia plant will have a capacity of 800 tonnes/day. Located on the Caribbean coast in western Venezuela, the Moron complex currently produces nitrogen- and phosphate-based fertilizers, with an output of 4190 tonnes/day.

The urea and ammonia plant is part of an expansion plant sponsored by the state. The ambitious expansion plan known as the Petrochemical Revolution, seeks to build on the country’s significant hydrocarbon reserves to produce more value-added products locally.

RELIANCE’S Polypropylene Line on Schedule

Reliance Industries has begun exporting from its newly-started 450,000 tonne/year Polypropylene (PP) plant in Jamnagar, Gujarat, India.

The PP line, which began production at the end of June, expects to achieve full capacity by mid-August. The feedstock is being sourced entirely from Reliance’s new fluid catalytic cracking unit at Jamnagar.

Reliance operates another 450,000 tonne/year PP plant in Jamnagar, which reached full capacity between May and June. In addition, Reliance operates a 1-million tonne/year PP plant at the same location.

International Paint Builds New Product Development Lab in Singapore

International Paint continues to expand its development efforts. It is building a new, worldwide product development laboratory in Singapore. As a key part of the International Paint’s global marine network of R&D centers, the new facility will build upon the success of the Company’s existing development labs in other parts of the world. The new laboratory will initially employ up to 20 scientists, and will focus on the development of next generation antifouling and foul release technology. With the design work nearing completion and construction ready to begin soon, the opening is planned for early 2010.



PPG Earns Recognition as ‘Partner-Level’ Supplier

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania coatings leader, PPG Industries has received the highest supplier rating awarded by Deere & Company. It earned recognition as a “Partner-level” supplier for 2009 as a part of the John Deere Achieving Excellence Program. PPG supplies electrocoat, liquid and powder coatings, as well as pretreatment chemicals, to John Deere’s operations in United States, Mexico, South America, Europe, India and China. The Company earned this honor because of its dedication to providing products and service of outstanding quality as well as its commitment to continuous improvement.

IndustrialSAVER Launches New Online Marketplace

Online industrial and construction trade site, IndustrialSAVER has unveiled a new powder and industrial coatings online marketplace. The international B2B marketplace includes various types of paints, coatings and chemicals used in manufacturing, construction and engineering markets. The site was created by Industrial Leaders, IndustrialSAVER’s parent site and provides access to an international directory of industrial coatings featuring primarily U.S.-based manufacturers of industrial paints, coating systems and allied products. In addition, IndustrialSAVER has partnered with Worldwide Industrial to provide an overseas- focused industrial and powder coatings directory. The directory includes product offerings from exporters and manufacturers in India, China and other Asian countries.

HEALTH CANADA Determines Levels of BPA Pose No Health or Safety Concerns

Results of Health Canada’s testing for Bisphenol A (BPA) in various products have indicated low levels that pose no health or safety concern. All products surveyed measured well below the migration limit of 600 parts per billion as dictated by regulations for BPA in food. Items tested included polycarbonate bottles of drinking water, canned powdered infant formula, and baby foods in glass jars with metal lids.

Researchers looked at 54 bottled water samples. Bisphenol A levels in non-polycarbonate water products were lower than the “method detection limit” of 0.5 parts per billion. However, BPA was detected in four of the five polycarbonate water products. Concentrations in the latter products ranged from 0.5 to 8.82 parts per billion – again, well below the 600 parts per billion. Results clearly indicate that bottled water is safe and should not cause concern.

122 baby food products were surveyed for BPA levels. Of the 99 products in which BPA could be detected, 70% measured less than one part per billion, ranging from 0.19 – 7.22 parts per billion. 38 canned powdered infant formula products that were surveyed detected no BPA.

In studies performed on animals, BPA has been linked to cancer and infertility. Bisphenol A acts like the female hormone estrogen in these studies.

Because of this, the Canadian government has banned the sale of polycarbonate baby bottles containing BPA; despite Health Canada’s analysis and determination that consumption of jarred baby food would pose an extremely low risk of exposure to Bisphenol A.
 

A. Schulman Wins Society of Plastics Award

Akron, Ohio-based A. Schulman, Inc. has received the 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers Central Europe Division's award in the automotive body exterior category. The Company won the award for its innovative technology solution used in the Mercedes-Benz CLS radiator grill.

Developed in close cooperation with Daimler and German-based Montaplast, the award-winning product involves injection molding of silver pigmented nylon 66 compound SCHULAMID® 66 MT 5 HI which allows weld lines to be hidden by innovative stealth technology in the tool. A. Schulman's colored plastic material used in the grill manufacturing process provides excellent UV stability and eliminates the need for painting on a part that is subject to a high amount of impacts from stones and other debris on the road.

Cereplast Announces Distribution Partnership with Chase Plastics

Developer of proprietary bio-based sustainable plastics, Cereplast, Inc. has entered into an agreement with Chase Plastics to distribute Cereplast’s bio-based resins in North America. The agreement signals the Company’s long-term commitment to broadening the supply of its resins to North American processors and is indicative of the rapid growth rate of the market for the bio-based resins. It also demonstrates Cereplast’s ability to supply a major channel of distribution.

Chase Plastics is one of the fastest growing, full-service specialty engineering thermoplastic distributors in North America. It serves plastic processors in the United States, Canada, Mexico and Central America. Chase operates more than 20 warehouses throughout North America, offering the capabilities to carry and stock Cereplast’s bio-based resins available for next day shipping. Those plastic processors purchasing Cereplast’s resins will benefit from many advantages offered by Chase Plastics, including local inventory and stocking programs, technical service, broad product line, and professional sales staff. 

 

Symrise Improves Flavor Analysis with SymStixx™

Symrise has developed a tool that allows researchers to conduct more detailed analyses of foods. The SymStixx™ probe produces comprehensive flavor profiles quickly and efficiently, providing flavorists what they need to develop highly authentic flavors. The new analysis tool is made of glass with a specialized coating. It was developed at the Symrise research labs in Holzminden, Germany over a period of several years, and a patent application has been filed for the technology. Flavoring profiles obtained with this technology will allow the Company’s flavorists to develop especially authentic flavorings, which can then be easily adapted to clients’ food bases.

It is as simple to use as a knife and fork; the SymStixx™ is merely placed in contact with the sample to be analyzed. A GC/MS system is used to detect the flavorings, with identification taking place via comparison to compounds in a database. They are then assessed by means of special software. Because it is highly sensitive to trace compounds, SymStixx™ produces precise results. Unlike other analysis methods, SymStixx™ provides a fast and easy method for studying active flavoring components of complex foods containing large quantities of fats, sugars, proteins or water. In addition, the use of the tool is more cost-efficient than other methods of analysis.
 

Greenhouse Gas Study on Chemicals Released

The American Chemistry Council (ACC) recently announced the findings of an independently verified greenhouse gas study on chemicals. The study was initiated by the International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA), including the ACC. Conducted by global management consulting firm McKinsey and Company; the study revealed that for every unit of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted by the chemical industry, society saves more than two units of GHGs through the use of chemistry technologies and products. Provided the industry, policymakers and other stakeholders employ additional further emissions reduction measures, the GHG savings-to-emissions ratio could increase to more than 4:1 by the year 2030. The Öko Institut, a European independent environmental research and consulting institution conducted a critical review of the analysis and reviewed the calculations.

The purpose of the study was to help drive further reductions emissions produced by the chemical industry via improved production processes and to encourage the use of those chemical products that save energy and create a net emission reduction along the chemical value chain. The study used a live cycle carbon dioxide-equivalent (CO2e) emissions analysis to access the global industry’s impact on GHGs through the life cycle of chemical products and the applications they enable. Testing was performed on over 100 individual product applications and emission savings were compared with all direct and indirect emissions linked to the chemical industry. Analyses included the major relevant products and sectors of the industry and covered a representative portion of the emissions that have been linked to the industry. Using 2030 modeling scenarios, analysts were able to extrapolate how emissions for production and use phases may develop. The most significant findings were emissions savings by volume coming from building insulation materials, agrochemicals, lighting, plastic packaging, marine antifouling coatings, synthetic textiles automotive plastics, low-temperature detergents, engine efficiency and plastics used in piping.